PJB-2026-25
Isolation, Identification Of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Synthesis Of Liquid Based Biofertilizer And Its Effect On Growth Attributes Of Abelmoschus Esculentus L.
Noman Khan
Abstract
The isolation, identification and biofertilizer formulation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and the assessment of their impact on Abelmoschus esculentus L. (okra) growth were the main objectives of the current study. Samples of soil were taken from undisturbed locations in Pakistan District Charsadda. They were found to be slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam (pH 6.7–6.9, organic matter 4.21–4.41% and electrical conductivity is 312–334 mS/cm). Six different bacterial strains were obtained by serial dilution and nutrient agar plating, these strains were then purified in Gram stained, and biochemically described as Bacillus subtilis are catalase, citrate, indole and oxidase are Gram positive and coagulase are gram negative was identified by morphological and biochemical examinations. B. subtilis isolates showed different efficiency in phosphate solubilization assays on Pikovskaya agar medium with solubilization indices ranging from 88.89% to 128.57%. The most efficient of them was B. subtilis 2 (PSI 128.57%) which is followed by isolates 4 and 5 (>112%). Solubilization efficiency was strongly impacted by temperature and pH with highest optical density (OD 1.6 and 1.4 respectively) indicating good growth and phosphate mobilization at 35°C and pH 7. Molasses (1%), Tween 80 (2%), thickeners (starch, gum arabic, CMC), and protection agents (DMSO, glycerol, PVP) were used to produce liquid based biofertilizer formulations. Within a week, mass production of PSB in large flasks reached 109 CFU/mL. Although viability decreased after 120 days and was lost by 180 days, the formulated inoculants sustained viable counts over 108 CFU/mL for up to 90 days. When compared to 28°C and 40°C, storage at 4°C greatly extended shelf life. Both urea and biofertilizer had a significant impact on Abelmoschus esculentus germination and early growth under pot experiment conditions has (p < 0.001). The germination percentage was initially low in the control treatments (36.67 ± 5.77%), but it significantly increased after fertilizer was added. The maximum germination was found in biofertilizer at a concentration of 30% is (83.33 ± 5.77%), which was higher than any urea concentration. At both 7 and 14 days, biofertilizer greatly enhanced early development characteristics such as root length, shoot length, leaf length, and weight with maximum values at a concentration of 30%. At 14 days, seedlings treated with 30% biofertilizer showed the highest root and shoot length is (16.00 ± 1.00 cm), fresh weight (2.60 ± 0.10 g), and dry weight (0.63 ± 0.06 g) with 30% biofertilizers. Although urea fertilizer was shown to be significantly less effective than biofertilizer, it did improve the germination percentage and growth when compared to the control. These findings demonstrate that liquid biofertilizers containing higher concentrations of B. subtilis greatly improve plant growth and soil phosphate availability, and they have been shown to be more successful than chemical fertilizers.
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