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Abstract

Miscanthus × giganteus is a promising perennial C4 bioenergy crop with high biomass yield potential and adaptability to marginal lands. This study assessed the synergistic effects of Miscanthus-derived biochar and Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) on growth, physiology, and soil fertility. A pot experiment was conducted during 2024–2025 at the Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments: control (T₀), biochar alone (T₁), PGPB alone (T₂), and biochar + PGPB (T₃). Parameters including plant height, leaf length, chlorophyll content, rhizome biomass, and soil properties were analyzed. Results revealed that the combined treatment (biochar + PGPB) significantly enhanced plant height (28%), leaf length (32%), and chlorophyll content (38%) compared with the control. Soil fertility indicators—available phosphorus, extractable potassium, and organic matter—also improved by 20–30%, with balanced soil pH and EC. These findings demonstrate that integrating biochar and PGPB enhances M. × giganteus performance through improved nutrient retention, microbial activity, and soil health, providing a sustainable strategy for bioenergy production on marginal lands.

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