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GENOTYPIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY, AND STRESS TOLERANCE INDICES FOR IDENTIFYING HIGH-YIELDING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER IRRIGATED AND RAINFED CONDITIONS
Abstract
The environmental variables, especially water availability, significantly affect the yield of wheat; hence, identifying high-yielding and stress-tolerant genotypes is a critical goal towards realising sustainable production in both rain-fed and irrigated systems. In the present study, experiments measured the performance of thirty-nine wheat genotypes, including four reference cultivars, in both irrigated and rainfed environments. Depending on the alpha-lattice design, the 2019-2020 season was used to conduct field trials at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, with three replicas. The analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences between environments and genotypes in all the traits measured. In general, the genotype by environment interaction was not significant, except for the number of tillers per metre, which indicated that the tillering capacity was significantly different in the two environments. CIM-148 (4375 kg ha -1), CIM-125 (4287 kg ha -1) and CIM-150 (4277 kg ha -1) displayed the highest yields when irrigated, whereas the others performed poorly when under rainfed conditions; CIM-28 (4452 kg ha -1), CIM-11(4105 kg ha -1) and CIM-12 (4037 kg ha -1). The yield of grains had close positive relationships with the number of grain spikes per square metre, the weights of the grains per thousand grains, and the biological yield in both settings. Also, the stress tolerance index (STI), mean productivity (MP), and grain yield productivity (GMP) were closely associated with grain yield under irrigated (YI) and rainfed (YR) conditions, highlighting these indices as credible measures of consistent high-yielding in any environment and according to the mean stress indices, CIM-28, CIM-26 and CIM 11 had the highest rankings in MP, GMP and STI which gave them a stable and better performance in the studied environments. The findings have found some good candidate genotypes that may transform wheat to high resistance and yield in both irrigated and rainfed agriculture systems.
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