PJB-2025-344
Perspectives on Food Security: Increasing Crop Yields by Improving Photosynthesis
Saqer Alotaibi
Abstract
Enhancing photosynthesis – the essential process through which plants convert light energy into chemical energy – is a crucial research focus with significant implications for sustainable agriculture and global food security. The Calvin–Benson (CB) cycle is the main route for fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) into organic carbon compounds, playing an essential role in plant metabolism and developmental growth. Notably, 8 of the 11 enzymes in this cycle are involved in regenerating ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), the CO2 acceptor molecule. Studies across various plant species have demonstrated the potential of manipulating RuBP regeneration to improve photosynthetic efficiency. Moreover, advances in omics technologies and synthetic biology are opening new avenues for optimizing photosynthesis and improving crop yields. This review explores key developments and strategies aimed at increasing photosynthetic performance and CO2 assimilation by targeting CB cycle enzymes, including Rubisco and genetically engineering enzymes such as sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBPA).
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