PJB-2025-258
PHYTOCHEMICAL NANOFORMULATION OF NERIUM OLEANDER LEAVES FOR THE CONTROL OF TROGODERMA GRANARIUM (COLEOPTERA: DERMESTIDAE)
OMAR HAMEED
Abstract
Abstract
This study evaluates the bio-efficacy of a phytochemical-based Nano formulation derived from Nerium oleander leaves on the inhibition of egg hatching and larval mortality of Trogoderma granarium (Coleoptera: Dermestidae). The results revealed significant differences among treatments, with the highest inhibition rate observed at a concentration of 4000 ppm, particularly at temperatures of 35°C and 40°C after 72 hours of exposure. A positive correlation was identified between egg inhibition percentage, treatment concentration, temperature, and exposure duration. Furthermore, the Nano-preparation exhibited strong insecticidal activity against larvae across all tested conditions. Larval mortality at 25°C ranged from 36.66% to 91.11%, while at 40°C, mortality reached up to 100% at higher concentrations. Mortality rates over varying exposure times were 66.11%, 74.16%, and 82.27%. Although lower larval mortality was recorded at lower concentrations and temperatures, the highest mortality (25.11% to 38.11%) was achieved at 4000 ppm between 35°C and 40°C, depending on exposure duration. These findings highlight the potential of N. oleander-based Nano formulations as eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing Trogoderma granarium infestation
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