PJB-2025-205
INVESTIGATING THE CYTOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF CRYPTOLEPIS BUCHANANII BARK EXTRACT ON CANCER CELLS
Wagma Hassan
Abstract
Plants are an important source of medications. The current major issues such as antibiotic resistance and increased side-effects of synthetic medicines demands for the natural source of medicine. Cryptolepis buchananii commonly known as wax leaved climber is an important medicinal plant. On the other hand cancer is deadly disease and the current treatments approaches are not only expensive but also not safe, having moderate to severe side-effects. In the current study, bark extract of C. buchananii was evaluated for selected phytochemicals determination, antioxidant activity, acute oral toxicity and cytotoxicity of cell lines to check its efficacy. Quantitative phytochemical analysis of C. buchananii bark extract revealed the total flavonoid content as 1.09 mg RE/g and total phenolic content as 7.02 mg GAE/g in the methanolic extract which were higher than in ethanolic and aqueous extracts. The FTIR spectrum, identified alcohols, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, aromatic and aliphatic compounds. The GCMS results revealed important metabolites with their potential broad spectrum biological activities like anticancerous, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and neuroprotectors. The acute oral toxicity results showed that oral administration of C. buchananii bark extract, in Swiss Albino mice exhibit no mortality up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. MTT tests showed a significant cytotoxic potential towards tumor cell lines including U-87 and HepG2. q RT-PCR analysis resulted in the up-regulation of pro-apoptotic gene BAX (1.5 fold) compared to control) and down-regulation (0.6 fold less) of anti-apoptotic gene BCL2 in U-87 (Brain cancer cell lines) compare to control. Angiogenesis related gene VEGFR2 and cholesterol metabolism related gene SOAT1 were down-regulated (0.8, and 0.9 fold less) in HepG2 (liver cancer cells lines) compare to control. These findings suggest that the bark of C. buchananii contains promising bioactive compounds, such as phenols, which may have potential therapeutic applications in future anticancer drugs.
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