PJB-2025-159
ECOLOGICAL-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE PHYTCONTAMINATION PROFILE OF THE MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT SPECIES TRIBULUS TERRESTRIS L. (ZYGOPHYLLACEAE R.BR.) SPREAD IN THE POST-CONFLICT TERRITORY OF AZERBAIJAN &
SAYYARA IBADULLAYEVA
Abstract
In the conducted research, the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of the species Tribulus terrestris L., distributed in the Aghdam Industrial Park area of the Karabakh region of Azerbaijan, was studied. This plant possesses high resistance to the phytocontamination process and maintains its ability to develop normally in this area containing various pollutants. The collected plant samples were fixed and processed with the necessary reagents under laboratory conditions to be prepared for sectioning. Transverse and longitudinal sections taken from the samples were made into permanent preparations after the histological staining stage. Anatomical analyses were carried out using modern LED microscopes. In all vegetative organs, the accumulation of toxic substances in the tissues as a result of the phytocontamination process, as well as the accumulation of phytotoxic callose in the phloem elements of the vascular systems, was determined. Numerous large-sized druse-toxins were observed in the mesophyll of the leaflet, the parenchyma cells of the petiole, and the pith and cortex of the stem. Thickening of the cell walls in the epidermal tissue surrounding the vegetative organs and modification of the cuticle layer were evaluated as response reactions to the stress caused by toxic substances. The collenchymatous sclerenchyma areas located at the boundary with the phloem of the vascular bundles in the leaflet and petiole can be interpreted as the transition of modified collenchyma into sclerenchyma. As a specific anatomical characteristic of the T. terrestris species, the presence of a Kranz anatomical structure in the leaflet was determined during the research. The results obtained from this ecological-anatomical study, conducted for the first time in this direction on the species, hold great scientific and practical significance. The results identified as the tolerance structure and identification under phytotoxic conditions can be used as biomarkers in adaptive changes that may occur in other plant species under similar conditions.
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