PJB-2025-66
EXPLORING SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY FOR TAXONOMIC DELIMITATION AND PHYLOGENETIC INSIGHTS IN THE GENUS EUPHORBIA
NABEELA MAHMOOD
Abstract
The genus Euphorbia is one of the diverse plant genera. Despite its vast diversity and ecological significance, species identification within Euphorbia remains challenging due to morphological similarities, particularly at the seedling stage. Early-stage morphological traits are often overlooked in taxonomic studies, yet they hold valuable clues for species differentiation. This study explores the taxonomic significance of seedling morphology in Euphorbia, emphasizing its role in species identification and differentiation at juvenile stages. We analyzed key morphological traits—leaf shape, apex, base, venation pattern, and surface texture—across four Euphorbia species: E. hirta, E. serpens, E. hypericifolia, and E. prostrata. A combination of traditional morphological analysis and numerical taxonomic techniques was employed to assess interspecific variation. The study revealed distinct morphological differences among the species, underscoring the diagnostic value of seedling traits. To further elucidate taxonomic relationships, a dendrogram was constructed, providing a visual representation of phylogenetic linkages and confirming the reliability of seedling morphology as an effective tool for species identification. By integrating detailed morphological assessments with quantitative classification approaches, this research enhances understanding of species boundaries within Euphorbia. The findings not only contribute to the refinement of taxonomic classifications but also hold implications for biodiversity conservation and ecological studies.
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