PJB-2024-475
THE USE OF 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE TO DETERMINE THE METABOLOMICS PROFILE OF BLACK NIGHTSHADE CULTIVATED IN THE GREENHOUSE AND OPEN-FIELD CONDITIONS
LUFUNO ETHEL NEMADODZI
Abstract
Equally with other indigenous vegetables, black Nightshade has been widely consumed by the VhaVenda tribe found in the Limpopo province of South Africa since ancient times as a source of food diversification, for its higher-quality nutritional value, more sustainable diet, food security, and medicinal benefits. They are mostly cultivated from seeds and transplanted in the open field and at the maturity stage, their marketing and distribution are mainly through informal markets (street vendors) however recently, it has been found in selected supermarkets and commercial grocery stores in South Africa. Black Nightshade leaves and young shoots are cooked solely and as a supplementary vegetable with Chinese cabbage, spinach, green amaranth, tomato, with cooking oil for flavour. Contrary to the other green leafy vegetables, few studies have been conducted on the metabolites released by black Nightshade and the impact that growing conditions might have on metabolites. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the influence of open-field and greenhouse cultivation systems on the release of metabolites of black Nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tool was used to identify the untargeted metabolites released by black Nightshade where raw data was pre-processed using Mestrenova and all spectra were phase-corrected and binned at 0.04-10ppm, and statistically analyzed using Simca 17.0.2. The results showed that a total of 12 metabolites were detected irrespective of the growing conditions. Interestingly, glucose was not detected in the Nightshade grown in the open field, while 11 similar metabolites such as glycocholate; chlorogenate (human health benefits), caffeine; for its bitter taste, choline; 3-chlorotyrosine (anti-diabetic, blood pressure) and a few vital soluble sugars were detected both in the open-field and greenhouse cultivated Nightshade.
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