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Abstract

The Pteris cretica plant was collected from District Malakand and investigated for phytochemistry, antioxidant, and pharmacological activities in the present study. The phytochemical analysis (qualitative and quantitative) of P. cretica in methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extract was carried out to determine the presence and absence of phytochemical constituents. Qualitative tests showed the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, Phlobatannins, volatile oils, and resins. Among these extracts, the methanolic and ethanolic extracts exhibited good phytochemical results. In quantitative analysis, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified respectively. The highest phenolic content was present in ethanolic, (669.5±0.02) methanolic (401.3±0.01), and aqueous (307.7±0.04) extract, while the maximum flavonoid content was present in ethanolic (454.3±0.08 µg/ml), followed by methanolic (401.3±0.01) and aqueous (307.7±0.04) when compared with standard. For the investigation of antioxidant activity, different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 1.5μg/ml) of methanolic, ethanolic, and aqueous extract were studied. The highest percentage of inhibition was showed by methanolic extract i.e., 60%. Compared with standard ascorbic acid. Among pharmacological activities in vivo anti-spasmodic, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory activities were used in Swiss albino mice. In the methanolic extract, the results were compared with commercially available, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-spasmodic drugs, atropine sulfate, aspirin, bascopan, diclofenac sodium, and paracetamol. The methanolic extract of P. cretica significantly reduced the temperature, inflammation, writhings, and charcoal meal length. The oral administration of the methanol extract for analgesic activity significantly reduced the writhing response. When compared to the effect of standard analgesic drug, diclofenac sodium (70.89%). The degree of inhibition of P. cretica extract was 66.41%. In antipyretic activity, P. cretica significantly reduced the temperature from 40.20ᵒC to 39.00ᵒC. The dose of 600mg/kg of extract showed remarkable antipyretic activity when compared with positive control (paracetamol) 39.91ᵒC. In the methanolic extract, 200mg/Kg significantly reduced the size of the hind paw from 1.80mm to 1.70mm. The maximum inhibition showed by the methanolic extract 600mg/kg in anti-spasmodic activity is 86.36%.

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