PJB-2024-403
Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers of Allium sativum L. Germplasm
Guowei Liu
Abstract
On the basis of comprehensive utilization of genetic mapping and molecular marker technologies, conventional asexual propagation breeding is emphasized, supplemented by biotechnological breeding methods. This approach integrates traditional phenotype selection with modern genotype selection to provide a basis for variety identification and genetic improvement, aiming to shorten breeding cycles and enhance breeding efficiency. We evaluated 114 garlic germplasm resources for 12 phenotypic traits related to flowering and growth development. PCR amplification of genomic DNA from these samples using 10 pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers was conducted, followed by cluster analysis and assessment of genetic diversity based on polymorphic bands obtained from gel electrophoresis. Clustering and principal component analysis of the 114 garlic samples using SSR markers were performed to identify germplasm exhibiting desirable traits. Results showed significant variation in traits related to flowering, while traits associated with growth and development exhibited relatively smaller variation coefficients. Among the 10 pairs of primers used, 6 pairs yielded satisfactory results, detecting a total of 38 allele loci across the 114 samples. Shannon's diversity index (I) ranged from 0.6750 to 1.5319 with a mean of 1.2479, while observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) ranged from 0.3482 to 0.5526 and 0.4210 to 0.6935, respectively. Cluster analysis classified the population into 4 groups, with close associations observed between grouping and garlic flowering traits.
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