PJB-2024-379
OPTIMIZATION OF EFFICIENT MICROPROPAGATION PROTOCOLS OF DATE PALM (PHOENIX DACTYLIFERA L.) CULTIVAR GULISTAN USING IMMATURE INFLORESCENCE EXPLANTS
NAJAMUDDIN SOLANGI
Abstract
Current study described reliable protocols for somatic embryogenesis and plantlet regeneration using immature inflorescence explants obtained from 20 cm long spathes, successful acclimatization in the greenhouse and finally growth of plants in the open field conditions up to fruiting stage. Spathes were surface disinfected with 40% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution for 10 minutes. Initiation medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.1 mg L-1 indole acetic acid (IAA) and 5.0 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) induced significantly highest callus (87%) in primary explants. Significantly highest somatic embryogenesis (84%) was obtained on the medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 NAA + 0.1 mg L-1 Kinetin. Significantly highest multiplication and shoot formation (91%) was obtained on the medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 NAA + 0.05 mg L-1 benzyl adenine (BA). Significantly highest leaf number (4.1), leaf length (17 cm), root number (4.0) and root length (7 cm) was obtained on the medium containing 0.1 mg L-1 NAA. Roots were trimmed 1-2 mm away from the base of the plantlets resulted in the formation of multiple adventitious roots in each plantlet. In vitro hardening of the long plantlets with well-formed leaves and 2-3 healthy roots performed as the means of changing heterotrophic mode of in vitro grown plantlets to autotrophic (to prepare food via photosynthesis); resulted in better survival of the plantlets in greenhouse. Transplanting media based on peatmoss, river sand, perlite (1:1:1/2 v/v) resulted in significantly highest survival of plantlets in greenhouse during acclimatization after 1M (88%) and 3M (80%). Micropropagated plants (46 cm long with 3-5 compound leaves) grown in the greenhouse were transferred in the open field for tree and fruit evaluation. In the open field trees started to bear true-to-type fruits after three years of plantation. Fruits were harvested at the start of rutab stage were utilized to make tamar stage dates in order to check complete morphological attributes of fruits. Introduction of elite exotic date cultivars through micropropagation is need of the time which will improve current date palm varietal structure in the area.
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