PJB-2024-265
HERITABILITY AND CORRELATION FOR YIELD TRAITS IN CIMMYT BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES
Muhammad Taimur
Abstract
Population increase is leading to growing demand of food. It is necessary for crop breeders to develop new high yielding genotypes on global basis to fulfill the demands of food. The current investigation was carried out to determine genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and traits correlation among CIMMYT wheat genotypes. The experimental material was comprised 24 genotypes along with local check of Swabi-1 during wheat growing season of 2022-23 at Agriculture Research Station (ARS) Swabi. The experimental design was randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences for the all the studied traits among the studied genotypes. The mean performance manifested that genotypes CIM-5 and CIM-24 was earliest to head (123 days), whereas early maturing (142 days) genotypes were CIM-2 and CIM-3. Similarly, shortest grains filling duration (26 days) was taken by genotype CIM-20. Likewise, genotype CIM-5 produced taller plants (99.47 cm), whereas genotype, CIM-1 was outstanding with more (181 spikes m-2) spike meter-2. Longest spikes (13.9 cm) were recorded for genotype CIM-19, while more number (20 spikelets spike-1) of spikelets spike-1 were observed for genotypes CIM-1, CIM-7, CIM-9, CIM-10, CIM-17, CIM-19 and Swabi-1. Maximum (66 grains spike-1) grains spike-1 were observed for genotype CIM-6, although genotype, CIM-23 showed high (54.09 g) 1000 grains weight. Maximum (20700 kg ha-1) biological yield was calculated for CIM-10, whereas genotype CIM-10 revealed maximum (5226 kg ha-1) grain yield. Likewise, harvest index was calculated maximum (30.47%) for CIM-19. High heritability along with high genetic advance (h2=0.65, GA= 22.21%) was estimated for grain yield. Similarly, 1000 grains weight showed high heritability and moderate genetic advance (h2=0.78, GA=13.25%), likewise, spike length (h2=0.47, GA= 10.46%) and harvest index (h2 = 0.36, GA=16.23%) showed moderate heritability and genetic advance. Biological yield was positively correlated with days to maturity (rp = 0.30**, rg= 0.56**), grains filling duration (rg=0.49*), plant height (rg=0.48*) and spike meter-2 (rg=0.64**) at genotypic (rg) and phenotypic (rg) level, while both type of correlation was observed for 1000 grains weight with days to maturity (rp = 0.35**, rg= 0.48*), grains filling duration (rp = 0.27*, rg= 0.42*) and only genotypic for harvest index (rg= 0.40*). Spike length was significantly correlated with grain yield (rp=0.31**). Grain yield showed positively association with spikelets spike-1(rp=0.33**, rg=0.68**), 1000 grains weight (rp= 0.26**, rg=0.49**) and harvest index (rp= 0.62**, rg=0.78**) and biological yield (rg=0.42*). Based on excellent performance for yield and associated traits genotypes CIM-10, CIM-11 and CIM-19 was recommended for further evaluation.
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