PJB-2024-247
Study of salt tolerance of spring bread wheat varieties based on variability of morphological parameters of seedlings
Sadokat Olimjonova
Abstract
Relevance of the goal. Currently, one of the results of global warming in the world is soil salinization. In this regard, the problem of studying plant resistance to increased salt concentrations in the soil becomes particularly relevant. On the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the most common types of soil salinization are chloride and sulfate. The purpose of this study is to study, using laboratory methods, the characteristics of growth and development of spring soft wheat varieties under various salinity conditions. Our task was to find out how different types of salinity (NaCl and Na2SO4) affect the processes of seed germination and seedling growth of spring soft wheat. Materials and methods. Eight varieties of spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum), Kayraktash, Ezoz, Oq marvarid, Pahlavon of local selection and four hybrid populations Es-1, Es-4, Es-7 and Es-61 from the elite selection nursery CIMMYT were studied. Experiments to determine salt tolerance were carried out in two variants: Option I – germination of seeds of spring soft wheat varieties in different salt solutions in Petri dishes; seeds of wheat varieties in different salt solutions of NaCl and Na2SO4 in Petri dishes; Option II – germination in growing vessels using a saline substrate. Control experiments were carried out using distilled water. Results. Results. In the control experiments of both experimental options, the seeds had good germination. In an environment with salts, the number of germinated seeds decreased under chloride salinity (by 60.1%) and under sulfate salinity (by 52.3%). The length of roots decreased by 24.2% under chloride salinity and by 6.4% under sulfate salinity. The smallest deviation of the experimental data from the control data was observed in the varieties Kayraktash and Pahlavon. The largest deviation from the control is for the Es-61 variety in both salt solutions. In the growing season, under chloride salinity, the length of the roots decreased by 42.6%, and under sulfate salinity, by 44.3%. Salinity in Petri dishes led to a decrease in shoot length by 82.5 and 2.0%, respectively. In the growing season, this indicator decreased under chloride salinity by 71.2%, and under sulfate salinity – by 68.4%. Comparative analysis of leaf morphometric parameters is possible only in the growing season version of the experiment. In the control experiment, the minimum leaf area was observed in the Es-4 variety (68.04 mm2), and the maximum in the Oq marvarid variety (148.36 mm2). With a solution salinity of 1.4% NaCl, the Oq marvarid variety was superior to other varieties in length, width and leaf area (182.4 mm; 5.3 mm; 321.6 mm2, respectively. Under conditions of sulfate salinity, the highest parameters were noted for the Pahlavon variety. At a salinity level of 1.4 % NaCl in Petri dishes, the greatest variability was characterized by the length of shoots (98.46%), in vegetation vessels - the length and area of the leaf (72.35 mm and 74.63 mm2, respectively). On solutions of 2.8% Na2SO4 in Petri dishes, the length of the roots varied the most (71.24 mm), in vegetative vessels - leaf length and area (74.65 mm and 76.28 mm2. Conclusions. Both sulfate and chloride salinity have a negative effect on spring wheat seedlings, manifested in a decrease in their morphometric parameters. In the first stages of ontogenesis, sulfate salinity manifests its negative effect more strongly compared to chloride. As a result of laboratory and vegetation assessment of eight varieties of spring soft wheat, varieties were identified (Kayraktash, Pahlavon, Es-4 and Es-7), which at the juvenile stage of development showed resistance to chloride and sulfate salinity in all morphometric indicators. practical interest in wheat breeding programs.
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