PJB-2024-185
Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction of Withania somnifera: Unveiling Bioactive Compounds and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potentials&l
Jafar Khan
Abstract
Withania somnifera is a rich source of plant kingdoms, having a good quantity of bioactive phenolic compounds. The keen interest is to seek more environmentally friendly techniques and solvents for extracting bioactive compounds from plant biomass to fulfill the folk's demand. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are the best choice to achieve the desired aim. Having properties such as non-toxicity and biodegradation, Deep eutectic solventss are a new viable substitute to harmful carbon-based solvents. In the present work, six deep eutectic solvents have been used to extract bioactive phenolic components from Withania somnifera dry biomass to check the abstraction efficacy. The binary combination of choline chloride, acetic, and lactic acids achieved the best extraction results (63.5 ± 1.45 mg GAE/g WDB in TPC and 75.60 ± 1.85 mg RE/g WDB); though, all tested deep eutectic solvents exhibit good extraction efficiency greater than control solvent (ethanol). All derived DES extracts have high levels of antioxidant activity (FRAP: 70.35-122.4 mg TE/g; TAC: 61.2-124.6 mg AAE/g). The extraction made with choline chloride in combination with acetic acid and lactic acid has the highest antibacterial activity against all selected bacterial strains. At the same time, the synthesized DESs and extracts of Withania somnifera biomass extracted with DES had also shown antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas putida). In conclusion of these experiments, properties of deep eutectic solvents such as non-toxicity, biodegradation, affordable price, and environmental friendliness show great proof that these DESs are a viable substitute for organic solvents to extract bioactive phenolic compounds from Withania somnifera biomass.
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