PJB-2024-77
BIOACCUMULATION, POLLUTION LOAD INDEX AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL IN CITRUS LIMETTA AND CITRUS SINENSIS DEPOSITED BY VARIOUS SOURCES OF IRRIGATION
Zafar Iqbal Khan
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the heavy metals contamination in topsoil, fruits and ultimately to humans. Heavy metal defilement is one of the critical afflictions in natural environment. The transfer of these heavy metals into human is by food chain toxicity and their bioaccumulation capacity. Metallic compounds with higher concentration cause toxicity to the living organisms even though they are essential to regulate the metabolic activities. Mainly citrus fruits irrigated with polluted wastewater is chief food chain channel of transfer of heavy metals to human. Water, soil samples and citrus fruit samples were collected to analyze conc. of cadmium, chromium, iron and manganese. The present study was conducted at Tehsil Sargodha (Site FW-I and SW-II), Punjab, Pakistan. Samples were analyzed in the lab using the wet digestion method and metal testing. The evaluation of Bio-Concentration Factor (BCF), as well as other significant indicators such as the Health Risk Index (HRI), Pollution Load Index (PLI), Daily Intake of Metals (DIM), and Enrichment Factor (EF), was also highlighted in our present inquiry. Cd, Cr and Fe concentration in soil as fruits was found safe than permissible limits. The EF and HRI of Fe and PLI of Mangansese, were remarked as more than 1 while other indices were found less than 1 for Cd, Cr, Fe and Mn, indicated that fruits cultivated in water rich soil are not harmful, therefore heavy metal analysis was necessary to assess the extent of environmental contamination.
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