PJB-2024-60
EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF Cd, Cr AND Cu CONCENTRATION IN WATER, SOIL AND IN FRUITS SAMPLES IRRIGATED WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF WATER AND FERTILIZERS APPLICATIONS
Kafeel Ahmad
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the concentration of metals in the edible parts of Citrus sinensis, Citrus reticulata, and Citrus limetta that received fertilizer applications together with irrigation from canal and sewage water. For the metal examination, samples of soil, water, and plants were chosen from two different locations. Cd, Cr and Cu concentration ranged in water from 0.024 to 0.057,0.211 to 0.432 and 0.057 to 0.412 mg/L respectively while in soil its ranged from 0.507 to 2.88, 0.347 to 2.266 and 0.839 to 3.361 mg/kg in soil. In fruit samples Cd, Cr and Cu was 0.018 to 0.041,0.026 to 0.196 and 0.146 to 0.446 mg/kg in fruit samples. Whereas canal water treated with organic fertilizers had lower contamination factor values, sewage water treated with inorganic fertilizers had higher values. Transfer factor showed that Cd, Cr and Cu maximum in C. sinensis, C. sinensis and C. limetta respectively and minimum in C. sinensis, C. sinensis and C. limetta. There are no immediate health concerns related with consuming this fruit, as indicated by the Hazard Quotient values in Cu being under permitted levels. In order to reduce the stress that these heavy metals impose on citrus crops and guarantee that farming techniques are environmentally benign, the findings highlight the necessity of focused agricultural practices and water resource management.
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