PJB-2024-44
GENETIC VARIABILITY AND PHENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF NUTMEG (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) FROM WEST JAVA BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND PCR-ISSR MARKERS
Sadiq Ali
Abstract
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is one of Indonesia's primary spice commodities. Although extensive research has been conducted on the potential use of Nutmeg, no research has been carried out specifically on genetic variability of Nutmeg from West Java. Using morphological and molecular approaches this study was carried out to explore the genetic variability and phenetic relationships of Nutmeg cultivars from West Java and to determine the characters that affect the phenetic relationships patterns of Nutmeg. A total of 34 morphological characters were observed both qualitative and quantitative. The result showed that there are three Nutmeg fruit shape variations i.e. round, oval, and thick round. Morphological characters formed two main clusters with a similarity index between 0.45-0.88. Based on molecular markers, it has a similarity index between 0.43-0.90 and formed also 2 main clusters but with different compositions of group members. PCA showed the main morphological characters that influence the relationships patterns including leaf shape, fruit shape, and fruit size index. The ISSR 3 showed the highest PIC value (0.28) and the ISSR 7 provided the lowest value (0.27), with a similarity index of 0.43. Also, the findings showed that the geography of an area does not associate with genetic variability. In the future, the study results can be used to develop identification program of prospective cross-parents for assembling superior cultivars.
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