PJB-2023-558
BIOLOGICAL AND ETHNOPHARMACEUTICAL STUDIES OF TAXACEAE ASSOCIATED ENDOPHYTES: A REVIEW
Iqra Naz
Abstract
Microorganisms like bacteria and fungi produce several high-quality metabolites under optimized culture conditions on a large scale. The reason behind the production of metabolites is season and weather independent and are also reproducible. Moreover, the secondary metabolites of microorganisms have a definite molecular skeleton which is not available anywhere even in chemical libraries. Endophytes inhibiting ethno-pharmacologically important medicinal plants have a huge diversity of bioactive metabolites against pathogens. Endophytes produce excessive metabolites with unique biological activities and distinctive structures. Several groups of compounds like enzymes, phenolics, flavonoids, steroids, quinines, terpenoids, and alkaloids are included in the bioactive metabolites of endophytes. As endophytes inhibit plant pathogens so these compounds benefit plants as well as have many biomedical and industrial applications. These compounds have been used as antibiotics, antioxidants, anticancer, agrochemicals, immune-suppressants, antiviral, and antidiabetics. A lot of research has been done on fungal and bacterial-based metabolites. Endophytes can also play a role in plant growth-promoting activities, biocontrol and bioremediation. In the past few years, bioactive metabolites are a major focus of research for their use in naturopathy and pharmaceutical because of their human and plant health benefits. These compounds can be produced by endophytes alone or in association with plants. Endophytic actinomycetes also act as a source of biotechnologically important compounds and metabolites. Family Taxaceae is a family of valuable medicinal plants, especially a source of anticancer products. This review aims to give an overview of applications of endophytes associated with family Taxaceae particularly in the areas of pharmaceutical and agriculture.
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