PJB-2023-449
ASSESSING PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY POTENTIAL OF PROMISING NEWLY DEVELOPED RICE LINES UNDER WATER DEFICIT AND WELL-WATERED CONDITIONS
MAHMOUD M. GABALLAH
Abstract
Water shortage is crucial environmental stress that destructively constrains rice growth and productivity, in particular under the current climate change. Consequently, developing high-yielding and drought-tolerant rice genotypes is irreplaceable to sustain rice production. This study aimed at exploring the genetic diversity of agronomic and quality characters in diverse newly developed advanced rice lines alongside commercial checks under water deficit versus well-watered conditions. Thirteen newly advanced lines were collected from F8 generation in the breeding program of Sakha Research Station following a pedigree scheme. The studied advanced lines and five commercial cultivars were assessed under two water regimes: full irrigated (13000 m3/ha) and water stress (8500 m3/ha) conditions. The obtained results indicated highly significant variation among the evaluated genotypes in all studied agronomic and quality characters. Water deficit significantly reduced no. of panicles/plant, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, hulling percentage, milling percentage, grain length, grain width, grain thickness, grain shape, hardness, elongation percentage, gel consistency, and gelatinization temperature (spreading and clearing), while increased broken and sterility percentage. Drought stress caused retardation of panicle development and growth and hence reduced grain size and grain number as well as all quality characters. Cluster analysis, PC-biplot, and hierarchical clustering efficiently classified the evaluated genotypes based on the studied grain yield and quality traits. The evaluated genotypes were classified into distinct groups varying from drought-tolerant to moderately sensitive genotypes based on their agronomic performance and quality under drought stress. The advanced lines L5, L6, L7, L8, L10, L11, L12, and L13 displayed good agronomic and quality performance under drought stress. Moreover, lines L5, L6, L7, and L8 exhibited high-quality performance under drought stress. Generally, the genotypes L4, L5, L6, L7, L8, and L13 were identified as promising for improving yield traits and quality parameters under water deficit conditions. Subsequently, these identified genotypes could be recommended for commercial cultivation under water deficit conditions as well as could be exploited effectively for further improvement of drought tolerance in rice through breeding programs to reinforce grain yield and quality under water shortage conditions in particular under current climate change
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