PJB-2023-404
Floristic inventory, Ecological Features, Chorotype analysis and Phenology based approaches on the Flora of District Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Fazal Ullah
Abstract
The current investigation attempted documenting the flora, ecological features, chorotype analysis and phenology of the district Swabi Pakistan. We documented 173 species belonging to 61 families, of which 168 were angiosperms. The leading family was Poaceae with 21 species, second Fabaceae (14 species), followed by Asteraceae (11 species). The dominant habit was herbs with 99 species (25.4%), shrubs (44 species, 25.4%), trees (30 species, 17.3%). Most species occupied mesic habitats (99 species, 57.2%), dry habitats (59 species, 34.1%), 15 species (8.6%) were observed in moist habitats. In the biological spectrum therophytes were dominant with 69 species (39.8%), the second most common life form was Chameophytes (28 species, 16.1%) followed by Hemicryophytes (25 species, 14.4 %). Leaf spectra showed the leading form was Nanophyllous with 58 species (33.5%), second Microphyllous (49 species, 28.3%), followed by Leptophyllous (42 species, 24.2 %). Fifty-six plant species (32.3%) were Perennial, followed by 41 annuals in spring and summer (SP, SM). A 100 species (57.8%) were frequently found, and 73 species (42.1%) were rare. Sociability showed that most individuals are found as small patches. The leaves were persisted deciduous in 115 species (66.4%), while 55 (31.7%) of the species were aphyllous. Most (157) species (90.7%) were wild and 17 (9.2%) cultivated. Forty-one species (23.6%) faced grazing pressure, while 26 species (15.02%) were threatened by floods, 24 species (13.8%) were medicinal plants. A majority of species was uni-regional (54 species, 31.2%), and 23 species (13.2%) were Irano-Turanian (IT) followed by 22 species (12.3%) which were Sino-Japanese (SJ) and 4 species (2.31%) were Mediterranean (MED).
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