PJB-2023-234
Optimization of rapid protocol for phytochemical analysis of Olea europaea L.
Ramish Nida
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to optimize a rapid protocol for the extraction of phytochemicals using microwave-assisted extraction technique (MAE) from Olea europaea L. For this purpose, fruits, seeds and leaves of O. europaea var. Earlik were extracted by MAE. MAE parameters (power level 300-1000 W), extraction time (1-10 min) and polar and Non-polar solvents ratios (8.65 -10 mL) for maximum phenolic and flavonoid content were optimized using central composite design (CCD). Extract with non-polar solvent (n-hexane) and esterified olive oil were analyzed by GC-MS. After that, the extracts with maximum phenolics were analyzed and compared for antioxidant and antifungal activities. Results showed that leave extracts in 4.5 minutes, 1000 W and 10 mL ethanol contained higher phenolics, and flavonoids. Leaf extract also shows higher antioxidant potential, and higher antifungal potential against Aspergillus flavus. Same biological and phytochemical assays were repeated for microwave assisted extracts of olive seeds and fruits with promising results. Overall leaf extract showed higher antifungal and antioxidant potential as compared to seed and fruit extract. GCMS analysis showed 20, 21, 16, and 8 components from fruit, seed, leaf and olive oil respectively. The results of the study demonstrated that MAE is a fast and energy-efficient method for extracting both polar and non-polar components from olives and can be used as an extraction method for olives which can lead to savings in time, energy, and cost. This rapid method of extraction can be used to analyze the phytochemicals from various other varieties of olives.
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