PJB-2023-112
EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS, CROP GEOMETRY AND MULCH O
ATMA RAM MEENA
Abstract
The field experiment was conducted at COA, SKRAU, Bikaner, for two consecutive Kharif seasons of 2018 and 2019 in split plot design with three replications. The main plot treatments were four irrigation levels (40, 60, 80, and 100 percent PE) in sub-plots two crop geometry (normal sowing at 50 cm row spacing and paired row sowing at 30 cm x 70 cm) were assigned and in sub-sub plots three mulches (no mulch, straw, and plastic mulch) were assigned. Irrigation levels, crop geometry and mulch treatments had significant impact on okra growth, yield, and quality. Pooled mean results showed that irrigation at 40 percent PE were recorded minimum days to first flowering. Irrigation level at 100 percent PE recorded highest fruit yield plant-1 (162.30 g), fruit yield (129.48 q ha-1), protein and B: C ratio (3.59), but all these attributes were statistically at par with 80 percent PE. Water use efficiency was highest at 40 percent PE irrigation level (17.24 kg ha-1 mm-1). Results further showed that paired row sowing at 30 cm x 70 cm gave highest fruit yield plant-1 (147.40 g), fruit yield (117.62 q ha-1) and B: C ratio (3.40) over normal sowing. Growth attributes, yield and yield attributes, quality attributes, water use efficiency and economics were all highest under straw mulch.
There was a significant interaction between irrigation levels and mulch on fruit yield. Fruit yield (166.91 g plant-1) and (133.06 q ha-1) was recorded highest in 100 percent PE irrigation levels with straw mulch in both year. On pooled basis, however, B: C ratio (4.41) was significantly higher with 100 percent PE irrigation and no mulch. Although water use efficiency (19.15 kg ha-1 mm-1) was significantly higher in 40 percent PE irrigation levels with straw mulch.
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