PJB-2023-63
ACIDIFIED MANURE AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY AND WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
Farzan Ullah
Abstract
ACIDIFIED MANURE AND IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT FOR IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY AND WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY
Farzan Ullah and Ahmad Khan
Department Of Agronomy
Faculty of Crop Production Sciences
The University of Agriculture, Peshawar
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Peshawar
February 2023
ABSTRACT
Acidified manure and irrigation had greater effects on soil fertility and wheat productivity. That’s why filed experiment “INT and irrigation management for improving soil fertility and wheat productivity” was carried out at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, during Rabi season (2021-22). The experiment was conducted in randomize complete block design (RCBD) with spilt-spilt plot arrangement with four replications. Irrigation were applied to main plots i.e. full irrigation were applied at four stages (i.e. crown root initiation, jointing, anthesis and grain filling stage), and reduced irrigation applied at two stages (i.e. anthesis and grain filling stage) as a flood irrigation. Nitrogen at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 derived from urea and FYM i.e. TCK (control), TU (67% urea + 33% FYM) and TFYM (20% urea + 80% FYM) were assigned to subplots. FYM was soil incorporated 20 days before sowing, whereas urea N was applied in two equal splits i.e. half at sowing time and another half at tillering stage. Full irrigation had improved plant height (97.9 cm), leaf area tiller-1 (128.9 cm2), spike m-2 (219), grain spike1 (56), 1000 grain weight (47.2 g), biological yield (9194 kg ha-1), grain yield (3705 kg ha-1), harvest index (40.10 %), soil moisture content (24.7%), soil mineral nitrogen (36.3%) and soil organic carbon (0.80 g kg-1) compared to minimum irrigation. Days to physiological maturity (155) were earlier in reduced irrigated plots. Maximum emergence m-2 (106), plant height (100.4 cm), spike m-2 (231), grain spike1 (59), 1000 grain weight (49.3), biological yield (9829 kg ha-1), grain yield (3984.6 kg ha-1), harvest index (42.10 %), higher soil moisture content (26.9%), soil mineral nitrogen (37.2%), soil organic carbon (0.85 g kg-1), and soil total nitrogen (0.46%) were noted with higher proportion of FYM (80%) application to the soil. However, less days to emergence (13.3), more days to anthesis (120), days to physiological maturity (162), and maximum leaf area tiller-1 (133 cm) were recorded with higher proportion of urea (67 %) application. In case of acidification, plots where acid was applied had higher leaf area tiller-1 (127.7 cm), spike m-2 (214), grains spike-1 (55), biological yield (8836 kg ha-1), grain yield (3403 kg ha-1) and harvest index (39.28%) as compared to plots with no usage of acid. It has been concluded that acidified FYM (80%) + urea (20%) to provide 120 kg N ha-1 under full irrigation condition could be used for improving soil fertility and wheat productivity.
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