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Pak. J. Bot., 47(5): 1629-1639, 2015.

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POTASSIUM AND CALCIUM APPLICATION AMELIORATES GROWTH AND OXIDATIVE HOMEOSTASIS IN SALT-STRESSED INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA) PLANTS

PEERZADA YASIR YOUSUF¹, ALTAF AHMAD¹, HEMANT¹, ARSHID HUSSAIN GANIE¹, IBRAHIM MOHAMMAD AREF² AND MUHAMMAD IQBAL^1*

Abstract: The effect of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) on growth and antioxidant defence system of salt-stressed Indian mustard plants was studied. Twenty-day-old Indian mustard plants grown hydroponically in Hoagland’s growth medium were randomly divided into five groups. T0 served as control and did not receive any additional K or Ca (except that present in Hoagland solution), T1 received 150 mM NaCl, T2 was given an additional doze of 6 mM K, T3 was given 5.6 mM Ca as additional doze, while as T4 received a combination of 150 mM NaCl + 6 mM K  +  5.6 mM Ca. The response of the plants was studied ten days after treatment. Salt stress inhibited growth parameters including biomass, chlorophyll content, protein content and NR activity. Membrane damage was induced by the salt treatment with a concurrent increase in antioxidant defence system and proline content. Individual application of K and Ca mitigated the negative influence of the stress with the maximum alleviating potential exhibited by the combined application of these nutrients. Results obtained on real time expression of genes encoding enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, APX, CAT and GR), NR and proline supported our findings with biochemical assays. We conclude from the study that maintaining high K and Ca levels may serve as an effective means for regulating the growth and productivity of Indian mustard plants under saline conditions.

Key words: Salinity; Antioxidants; Brassica juncea; Reactive oxygen species; Gene expression.

¹Department of Botany, Molecular Ecology Laboratory, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Tughlaqabad, New Delhi 110062, India

²Department of Plant Production, College of Food & Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University,  Post Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

*Correspondence: iqbalg5@yahoo.co.in ; Fax: 00-91-11-260596663