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WASTEWATER IMPACT ON
PHYSIOLOGY, BIOMASS AND YIELD
OF
CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS L.)
IMDAD ULLAH KHAN1*,
MUHAMMAD JAMIL KHAN1, NAQIB ULLAH KHAN2, MOHAMMAD JAMAL KHAN2,
HABIB UR RAHMAN1, ZARINA BIBI1 AND KALIM ULLAH1
Abstract:
The impact of
domestic/municipal wastewater (mww) of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan was
assessed through its effects on biomass, physiology and yield of canola
(Brassica napus L.). The pot experiments were conducted in a
completely randomized design with three replications in net house during
winter season 2006-07 and 2007-08 at Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan,
Pakistan. Treatments included were T0 (tube well/tap water),
T1 (20% mww), T2 (40% mww), T3 (80%
mww) and T4 (100% mww/raw-form municipal wastewater). The
quality and chemical composition of wastewater was deviating from
international (Anon., 1985) as well as NEQS (2005) standard. Analysis of
wastewater showed that biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen
demand (COD), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and total suspended solids
(TSS) were above the permissible limit of irrigation. In pods per plant,
the reduction was 61.55% by recording 110 pods per plant with T4
(100% mww) as compared to control T0 (286.1 pods per plant).
Similarly pod length (reduced by 59.72%), seeds per pod
(reduced by 42.53%), Seeds per plant (reduced by 82%), seed weight per
plant (reduced by 88%), 100-seed weight (reduced by 19.54%) and straw
yield (reduced by 54.23%) were significantly reduced by applying 100%
wastewater. The most affected yield contributing traits were seeds per
plant and seed weight per plant with 82% and 88% reduction, respectively
due to T4 (100% mww). On average, the decrease was 60% in the
first stage and a further decrement of 4.83% was observed when the
obtained seeds were re-sown in 2007-08. Results revealed that utilizing
municipal wastewater of the area under investigation for irrigation
purpose of food and feed crops might not be safe. The major reason seems
to be the high salinity and sodium adsorption ratio that restricted crop
growth and yield.
1Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
2Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan
*Corresponding Author:
imdadullah62@yahoo.com
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