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IDENTIFICATION OF FIBERS OF WOODY AND NON-WOODY PLANT SPECIES IN PULP AND PAPERS
VAHIDREZA SAFDARI1*,
MOHAMMAD REZA NIKSERESHT SIGARODY1 AND MOINUDDIN AHMED2
Abstract:
Now a days the paper factories, which because of
environmental issues and lack of forest sources, use waste papers, need
to identify fibers in raw materials to improve quality of recycled
papers. In order to evaluate feasibility of fibers identification,
papers of 9 Iranian important factories (12 different papers) were
sampled and the frequency of identified species in papers was recorded
in many micro- slides, prepared from the papers according to ISO 9184-1
(Anon., 1990). The morphological and anatomical characteristics of
Iranian hardwoods already been studied and the valuable atlases were
used for the identification of exotic fibers. The results showed that
identification of paper fibers was feasible. The vessel elements,
specially shape, spiral thickness, perforation plates and ray pits on
vessels were the important features in the identification of hardwoods.
The type of cross field pits on tracheids were the main diagnostic
features for softwoods identification and
parenchyma,
epidermal cells and vessel elements for non-woody plants.
The softwoods of Pinus spp., Larix sp., and Picea
sp., the hardwoods of Populs sp., Fagus sp., Betula
sp., Alnus spp., and Carpinus sp. and the non-woods of
Wheat, Rice, Cotton and Corn were the most plentiful species found in
sampled papers. Repetition of recycle, refine and beating in paper
production process caused the destruction of fibers and so
identification of paper fibers especially of similar fibers species
(vessel elements and tracheids) was very difficult. In addition to
knowing anatomical characteristics of woody and non-woody plants, this
practice is most important in identification of paper components.
1Agriculture and Natural Resources Faculty, Department of Wood
and Paper Science,
Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran
2Laboratory of plant Ecology and Dendrochronology, Department
of Botany Federal Urdu University of Arts,
Science and Technology Gulshan-e-Iqbal, Campus, Karachi,
Pakistan
*Corresponding author E-mail: Vahid.safdari@gmail.com
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