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GENETIC VARIABILITY IN PLANTLETS DERIVED FROM CALLUS CULTURE IN SUGARCANE

IMTIAZ AHMED KHAN*, MUHAMMAD UMAR DAHOT**, NIGHAT SEEMA, SAJIDA BIBI AND ABDULLAH KHATRI

Abstract: Three sugarcane clones, NIA-98, NIA-2004 and BL4 were studied for callus induction and regeneration potential under two concentrations ( 2mg/l and 4mg/l) of four auxins i.e., 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), indol acetic acid (IAA), 3,6-dichloro 2-methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba) and picloram. Best callus was observed using picloram followed by 2,4-D whereas best proliferation was achieved with picloram. A high percentage of non-regenerable callus was produced when callus were transferred for proliferation on dicamba. The maximum callus formation and plantlets regeneration were recorded in NIA-98 and minimum in NIA-2004. The maximum chlorophyll mutation frequency was noted in NIA-2004 and minimum in NIA-98. The auxin 2, 4-D induced more genetic variability as compared to other auxins. The analysis of variance (mean square) for all the characters under study revealed that all the phytohormone treatments were significantly different (p 0.5). Genetic advance at 2% selection intensity was about two fold greater than that at 30% selection intensity and intermediate at 10% selection intensity. Low coefficient of variability was recorded in all traits. High heritability percentage in broad sense was recorded. Variability obtained through callus culture was also confirmed through random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques.

*Agriculture Biotechnology Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture, Tando jam, Sindh 70060, Pakistan
**Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan